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An official inquiry in 2010 found that none of those killed by the British . The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval Case No. Formed in the California prison system in the 1970s by incarcerated Tejanos, the Texas Syndicate sought protection against Californios. A myriad of factors may have explained why Sandoval took on the tasks by the Texas Syndicate. During Sandovals trial, witnesses told a Walker County jury that doors in the Ellis I prison units south end were routinely left unlocked by guards in 1986. Loaded on March 15, 2003 by C.C. People here dont want to believe a guard would do something like that (McKay, 1991). Steve Fischer [Sandovals attorney], however, contends that Sandoval had not unlocked the door and that officials there knew that guards frequently left the door unlocked (Fair, 1991). *Alfredo Aguilar is a doctoral candidate in the department of history at Texas Tech University, References His experiences, however, exposed other problems for Mexican Americans. Sandoval as a Mexican American new boot, at the ripe age of twenty-one, during the most violent period of Texas prison history succumbed and became a duck as employment for Mexican Americans was not taken for granted. A week later another juror wrote Sandoval a four-page letter, expressing her chagrin that he had been put through all the agony (Draper, 1991). The murder involved a cocaine deal gone badly. The gangs agree to revise the manifesto each year on May 5th. On September 2, 1985 Raymond Delgado, a Texas Mexican Mafia member was murdered in the Ramsey II Unit, by the Texas Syndicate. (El Paso Times), On August 17, 1997, Texas Syndicate members murder Gerardo Garcia in the El Paso County Jail. Gonzales was a Texas Mexican Mafia member and was allegedly killed by members of the Texas Syndicate (Buentello, 1986). The unconstitutional findings exposed by the court ruling uncovered issues within the Texas prison system such as overcrowding, inadequate security (collapsed the building tenders), inadequate healthcare, unsafe working conditions, and severe punishment policies. The process of downing the duck is described as an inmate or a group of inmates manipulating a guard or staff member into undertaking very small tasks perceived to be innocuous. Money has been transferred by the couriers in special waist belts with many pockets. He charged that Texas prison officials have a very big stake in finding me guilty, because it will take the liability off them in the lawsuit. Sandoval testified that Arredondos family filed a $2 million lawsuit against him and the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (McKay 1991). There were approximately sixty prison gang related homicides between 1984-1985. In this March 10, 1965, file photo, demonstrators, including Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., stream over an Alabama River bridge at the city limits of Selma, Ala., during a voter rights march. Some 3,700 people died over the course of the four-decade conflict. In Games The videogame Grand Theft Auto IV features the "Petrela gang" a small crew of Albanian shylocks and goods smugglers. He further wrote, I am not the only one who worked there that knows that TDCJ is linked to the gangs and their illegal activities. Two guards, Joel Lambright Jr. and Alex Torres, were also charged in 1994 with murder after Sandoval was charged and convicted (Smith, 1994). Lulzim Krasniqi :(1863-2006) Former leader of the Albania Mafia based in Zagreb, Croatia. Travis McDonald, the prison prosecutor for Texas stated, Its hard to try a case against a guard in Huntsville. They start rumors to your supervisor that youre bringing in drugs, or theyll bring bogus grievances against you, Ware said. The presdent will be there to mark 58 years since the Bloody Sunday, a violent clash between 600 civil rights marchers and white police officers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965 that served. Osmani Brothers : According to the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) the Osmani brothers as the "most important figures of organized crime in Hamburg and other cities in Germany" Adriatik Coli : Leader of one of the most powerful "15 families" known as " Banda e Lul Berishs" based in Durrs , Albania . Ismail Lika : Ismail Lika was an Albanian mobster active in New York City in the 1980s. Albanian Mafia families or clans are usually made up of groups of fewer than 100 members, constituting an extended family residing all along the Balkan route from Eastern Turkey, to Western Europe, and North America. In the early 1960s Mike Coppola was imprisoned on tax evasion charges and followed in the footsteps of his predecessor Ciro Terranova, being put on the shelf after his release from prison in 1963. The day began with an IRA operation, organised by Michael Collins' Intelligence . (Associated Press), On FEBRUARY 12, 2007 17 Houston area Texas Syndicate members are charged for several area murders, racketeering, armed robberies and drug trafficking. As a street gang, heavy activity has been reported in Austin, Texas, Corpus Christi, Texas, the Rio Grande Valley and the Dallas Fort Worth area. In this case, exploring the Mexican American experience within the development of the Texas prison system has broad implications. Here is also where the earliest prison gangs were formed. Race and Ethnicity in Alice, TX. These inmates came in for robberies and burglaries but had to either graduate to murder or be murdered. The cycle of predatory violence against non-gang members had continued to historically breed new prison gangs. His brief story represented the limited social and economic opportunities that impacted many Tejanos; the continuance of a larger, repeated, and unceasing story in Texas. Palma Boys crew. Location: Texas . Sandovals exposure to this initial shocking experience was predicated on his need for quick employment. The Selma Bridge Crossing Jubilee marks the 56th anniversary of Bloody Sunday . SELMA, Ala. -- March 7, 1965, will forever be etched in American history as "Bloody Sunday." On that fateful day, 600 civil rights activists gathered in Selma, Alabama, to begin a 52-mile march to . Each side wanted to completely control all the Italian gangs in New York City and across the United States. This marriage took place only after Sandoval was able to attain job security with the Texas Department of Corrections as a correctional officer in Huntsville. In Television In the " Law and Order: Criminal Intent " episode "Blasters" (Season 6, Episode 9) two former childstars involved in bootlegging ring are being hunted down by the Albanian mob. In 1993, the Barrio Azteca brutally beat and murder a Texas Syndicate member in the El Paso county jail causing the Texas Syndicate to alliance it's self with the Mexikanemi. 'No reasonable grounds' for arrest of Bloody Sunday paratroopers Crime Ex-paratroopers launch legal bid to halt Bloody Sunday murder inquiry Crime Bloody Sunday arrest could lead to chain of. Membership was tied to their regional home state and in this case trumped ethnicity as the only restriction towards membership. Sunday, 9 November 1952 should be remembered as a day of infamy in South Africa's history, but few know of a brutal massacre when police opened fire on people at an ANC Youth League event in . Carlos Rosas, a 31-year old from Dallas, a Texas Syndicate sergeant was tasked with the murder and fulfilled the hit for his prison gang, the Texas Syndicate. Today, November 21, 2020, is 100 years since the events known as ' Bloody Sunday' in Dublin in 1920. The charges leveraged were allegations that Sandoval smuggled drugs into the prison, was involved in illegal drugs or an illegal drug transaction, and that Sandoval acted as a messenger or delivery boy for any gang member (The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval, 1991). Texas Syndicate Tattoos: We found that "Eulinda" was a cover-up for some other business, said high criminal counselor from Dsseldorf Rainer Bruckert. At about 7:30 pm in the evening at the Darrington Unit day room in Rosharon, TX three Texas Mexican Mafia members Lloyd Vasquez, Jose Arturo Garcia, and Albert Carrillo were all fatally stabbed by Texas Syndicate members Lee R. Castro and Rogelio Cantu who were detained afterwards. TheTexas Syndicate(or Syndicato Tejano) is a mostly Texas-based prison gang that includes Hispanic and at one time White members (The organization at one time did allow non-Hispanic members to join, but that policy was repealed in the 1980s). Like Sandoval, many inmates were both Mexican Americans and Texas residents, thus a sense of comfortability existed between inmate and guard. It was also the most violent period for Texas prisons, which proved to be a difficult adjustment not just for the state but for Sandoval as well. March 1965 Bloody Sunday . Inside the walls of each prison is drugs, prostitution, gambling, extortion, and grand theft, but no investigation into any of these things has ever been made (Draper, 1991). This occurred amidst the war between the two prominent Mexican American prison gangs that forced the state to act. (El Paso Times) Speaking anonymously for Philadelphia's City Paper a member of the " Kielbasa Posse ", an ethnic Polish mob group, declared in 2002 that Poles are willing to do business with "just about anybody. Dubbed the king of the New York drug underworld, Ismail Lika issued a contract on Rudy Giuliani 's prosecutors in 1985. In the United States, Albanian gangs started to be active in the mid-80s, mostly participating in low-level crimes such as burglaries and robberies. They have strong motivations and are very violent." Sandoval was caught in the crossfire of prison changes. The murder involves a state wide war between both prison gangs. Bloody Sunday, demonstration in Londonderry (Derry), Northern Ireland, on Sunday, January 30, 1972, by Roman Catholic civil rights supporters that turned violent when British paratroopers opened fire, killing 13 and injuring 14 others (one of the injured later died). Hispanic guards, he said, were either coerced into quitting or found doing something wrong. He also stated supervisors treated inmates like animals (Draper, 1991). members in prisons and jails state-wide, with many more on the outside. Just a day later, at the Ramsey II Unit on September 9, 1985 a disturbance occurred which consisted of two inmates in the process of a fight. By Fintan O'Toole. This exposed the longer historical process of Mexican Americans in United States history being perceived as bandits and criminals without full legal recourse. by C. C. Simmons. The method was also wed with ideas of race because prison gangs are primarily built within racial structures. bloody sunday Dem Leaders Urged to Mark Bloody Sunday by Acting on Voting Rights, Economic Justice "This is no time for foolishness, photo-ops, and flaky commitments," declares a letter from faith leaders including Bishop William Barber II and Rev. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2004, The Raza Unida and Texas Syndicate settle on a truce. 01-07-00443-CR (Tex. There are a lot of ways they can get you in trouble (McKay, 1991). Zef Mustafa : Albanian Mafia kingpin based out of New York. This study provides exploration of the varying Mexican American experiences within prisons as victimized inmates, as stifled prison guards, and also as prison gangs or security threat groups who employed efforts to demonstrate their own autonomy, regardless of the problematic legal and ethical quandaries through prison gangs. (Draper, 1991) 116th Street Crew The 116th Street crew, also known as the Uptown crew, is a powerful crew within the Genovese crime family. In July 2007, Texas Syndicate members murder Marcelino "Mars" Rodriguez Torres in Mc Allen, Texas after the gang suspects Rodriguez is a police informant. Bloody Sunday happened at the very beginning of 1972, which proved to be horrendous - the worst year of the Troubles, with almost 500 people killed. Sat Jan 22 2022 - 06:00. Infiltration into these groups is thus very difficult. In 1993, the Barrio Azteca brutally beat and murder a Texas Syndicate member in the El Paso county jail causing the Texas Syndicate to alliance it's self with the Mexikanemi. Mexican Americans were informed by their ethnic identity, but also by state identity as prison gangs formed. In the video game Socom 2 your first mission is to capture several kingpins in Albania. The Texas Syndicate's golden rule is as simple as it is merciless: Betray us and you're dead.. The Mexican Mafia for example, was formed in 1957 in the Deuel Vocational Institution in Tracy, California and is one of the earliest formed prison gangs to still exist, and continues to exhibit power inside and outside prisons. [ March 4, 2023 ] Mayor Sylvester Turner expects the state will soon take over Houston ISD Current News [ March 4, 2023 ] Texas school districts face millions in extra costs as state program backing bond debt hits its limit Education [ March 4, 2023 ] As Bloody Sunday grows in significance across the world, organizers want to preserve the integrity of the event Uncategorized Fourteen died and 13 . Sandoval had lit the cigarette for newly befriended Armando Garcia (name changed) and another inmate named Vicente. The process had begun for Sandoval. In the movie " In With Thieves " A blood diamond deal goes wrong which throws Albanian Mafioso into chaos in the criminal underworld. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1986, Texas Syndicate member Rogelio Hernandez murders Officer Jose Herrera during an attempted escape from the Webb County Jail. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1990, Texas Syndicate members murder two Houston-area parolees, Anthony Rosalio Acosta, 42, and Jimmy Lopez Rangel, 29, in a desert southeast of El Paso. Albanian mafia The Albanian Mafia or Albanian Organized Crime are the general terms used for criminal organizations based in Albania or composed of ethnic Albanians . Similar parameters also included the Mexican Mafia or La Eme, which formed in California and did not recognize the Texas Mexican Mafia, also known as Mexikanemi from Texas. Caught with at least $125 million in heroin, Lika issued a $400,000 contract on the prosecutor Alan Cohen and the detective Jack Delemore, both placed under protective custody. Hernandez was eventually sentenced to 25 years for the murder of Joe Arredondo (Fair, 1991). Prison guards were rapidly hired. This would also provide an insight into the reach of prison gangs like the Texas Syndicate towards prison guards. Vincent continued operating from Brooklyn and Ciro continued expanding his operations in East Harlem and The Bronx. The murder took place in a corridor of the prison unit that was hidden from the view of prison guards. First prison gang remains a force to fearThousands of Texas Syndicate members behind bars, but murder, mayhem continue. The story arc "The Slavers" of the adult-oriented Marvel comic The Punisher: Frank Castle deals with Albanian criminals engaged in human trafficking. He was fatally stabbed by confirmed Texas Syndicate member Antonio Hernandez who was serving a seventeen-year burglary conviction (Buentello, 1986). This allowed the Sicilian to maintain dominance and control over New York City and the remaining Camorra gangs joined forces with Sicilian gangs. Accessed on October 10, 2018. https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/a-guard-in-gangland/ The Azteca's murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. Photographer Helped Expose Brutality Of Selma's 'Bloody Sunday' : Code Switch Some of the most iconic images of marchers being attacked by Alabama state troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in . The case of Luis H. Sandoval, a prison guard in Texas during the 1980s who became allegedly involved in criminal activity for the Texas Syndicate emphasizes this complicated multi-faceted Mexican American experience within the prison setting. Salerno based the crew out of the Palma Boys Social Club located 416 East 115th Street in East Harlem, Manhattan. (or Syndicato Tejano) is a mostly Texas-based prison gang that includes Hispanic and at one time White members (The organization at one time did allow non-Hispanic members to join, but that policy was repealed in the 1980s). The Texas Syndicate, a prison gang that operates in and outside of penitentiaries, is considered by state law-enforcement officials to be among the most dangerous criminal organizations in. This was especially insightful because it was written with the viewpoint of a prison guard. Filed under: Gang Policies , Crime/Demographics , Criminal Prosecution . It was established in the 1960's at Folsom Prison in California in direct response to the other California prison gangs (notably the Aryan Brotherhood and Mexican Mafia), which were attempting to prey on native Texas inmates. Letters may have contained coded messages concerning drug trafficking or other illicit activity. Prominent Albanian Mafioso Alex Rudaj : The boss of the Albanian Mafia's Rudaj Organization based in the New York City area. Sandoval was hired as part of the new guard force that was coming in and was separate from the old guard who had largely stayed to themselves, was predominately white, and had strong rapport with the building tenders. Director Paul Greengrass Writer Paul Greengrass Stars James Nesbitt Tim Pigott-Smith Nicholas Farrell PHOTO: Crowd of petitioners, led by Father Gapon, near Narva Gate, St. Petersburg. Jessica Corbett Feb 20, 2023 The assailant was nowhere in sight (Draper, 1991). It was also against the guidelines of the Texas prison system. Albanian organized crime has created new and unique problems for law-enforcement officers around the country, even threatening to displace La Cosa Nostra (LCN) families as kingpins of U.S. crime, according to FBI officials. The group became known as the 116th Street Mob (or Morello gang ), with their increasing power the Morello's sought to control the Lower Manhattan's Little Italy. Albanian organized crime is active in Albania , the United States , and the European Union (EU) countries, participating in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including drug and arms trafficking . In fact, the building tender system had purposely ignored Mexican Americans as potential candidates based on racial ideas. (Associated Press), On Austin July 2, 2001, Texas Syndicate members murder female TS associate Jove Rios for conducting business with the Mexikanemi. In the early 1960s, Anthony Salerno became one of the most powerful capos in the family. This process was an exploitative tactic that many prisoners faced and continue to face in prisons. Perez was found stabbed approximately fifteen times in his upper torso and back (Graczyk, 1985). Securing employment, it seemed, was more important at that moment then securing a college degree. The commonly known and widespread narrative goes as follows: At dawn on 9 January, a crowd of workers that were . 8/21/2008) (Tex. The Bloody Sunday Inquiry, also known as the Saville Inquiry or the Saville Report after its chairman, Lord Saville of Newdigate, was established in 1998 by British Prime Minister Tony Blair after . The Aztecas murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. Inmates used this perceived racial brotherhood to manipulate Sandoval for the gains of the prison gangs illegal activity by initiating the common process in prisons called downing the duck (Bedard, 2013). Another important factor was the hiring of many people of color and women to work for the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). If the guard or staff member refused or rejected the task, the inmate(s) then informed them that they would notify prison administrators of previous favors (Bedard, 2013). His kinship and his familiarity with Mexican American inmates brought him to become close to them. (Gang Intelligence 101), In June of 1997, the Texas Syndicate and Mexicles gang settle on a truce. The Sandoval and Arredondo incident illustrated the complexity that went into relations between Mexican American guards and inmates. Sandoval claimed he skipped the court date and hid out for three weeks in California because he feared prison officials. Coppola's policy racket Michael "Trigger Mike" Coppola, was a top lieutenant in the 116th Street crew of Ciro Terranova. While Sandoval was found not guilty and was vindicated, it came at a cost. This complicates mass incarceration scholarship which primarily rests along the Black and White binary of American history. In the letter, he was critical of the Texas prison system. Just a few weeks before the Cesario Gonzales homicide that Luis Sandoval witnessed, Arturo Astro Aguilar, a Texas Mexican Mafia member was murdered on August 22, 1985 in the Eastham Unit by the Texas Syndicate. One of Italy's top prosecutors, Cataldo Motta , who has identified Albania's most dangerous mobsters, says they are a threat to Western society. 14764 03/20/1991 278TH Judicial District Court, Scholarships and Resources for Hispanic and Latino Students. Thus, the public generally perceives prison gangs and their activity to be violent. Building tenders were also selected from the inmate population pool who were deemed more aggressive and violent to ensure strict control through violence and fear. Ruz claimed the Texas Department of Corrections (TDC) prison system violated the U.S. Constitutions 8th Amendment which prohibited cruel and unusual punishment. On February 2007, high ranking Texas Syndicate member Ernesto Medrano is sentenced to life in prison for using U.S. military flights to transport hundreds of kilos of cocaine from Columbia to Fort, Bliss Texas. The tension between Tejanos and Californios also illustrated the restrictive and complicated parameters of membership for prison gangs. 3. All Rights Reserved. Employment opportunities were not plentiful in South Texas, and so the next day, a Sunday [June 23], the newlyweds threw their possessions into a suitcase and a grocery bag, and drove Sandovals Datsun to Conroe (Draper, 1991). Their gang activity in this case was approved because of racial kinship. Belgium The Albanian mafia has deep roots in Belgium, which was recently a topic of a special programme on Belgian RTBF Channel One. Germany "Ethnic Albanians" (as the German police officially calls them), no matter where they come from Albania, Republic of Macedonia, or Kosovo created for a very short time in the last decade of the century, a very powerful criminal network, says Manfred Quedzuweit, director of the Police Department for Fighting the Organized Crime in Hamburg. United Kingdom Albanian mafia gangs are believed to be largely behind sex trafficking, immigrants smuggling, as well as working with Turkish gangs in Southend-On-Sea, who control the heroin trade in the United Kingdom . Sandovals case was unique as the only guard to be charged with a homicide at this point, but other guards were charged with other crimes. As of 2000, the Texas Syndicate had about 19,000 It simultaneously illustrated that race was crucial to membership, belonging, and trust, but it was also used as a predatory and manipulative tool to further advance their objectives of revenue creation. The guard or staff member is now confronted with facing possible repercussions from prison administrators. As a street gang, heavy activity has been reported in Austin, Texas, Corpus Christi, Texas, the Rio Grande Valley and the Dallas Fort Worth area. (El Paso Times), In 2007, 23 Texas Syndicate members are arrested in cities all over the state of Texas on drug trafficking charges. On January 30 . Dominicans. Both the Texas Syndicate and Mexikanemi team up against the Barrio Azteca. Director Paul Greengrass Writer Paul Greengrass Stars James Nesbitt Tim Pigott-Smith Nicholas Farrell Alfred Shkurti (also known as Aldo Bare): The boss of one of the most notorious criminal syndicates in Albania known as the Banda e Lushnjs (The Lushnja Gang). After his short stop off at Conroe, they made their way to Huntsville, the capital of the Texas Department of Corrections, and since 1989 known as the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Derry, Northern Ireland, on Jan. 30, 1972. Between 1961 and 1964, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) had led a voting registration campaign in Selma, the seat of Dallas County, Alabama, a small town with a record of consistent resistance to black voting. He was digging himself deeper into their clutches and soon found himself processing a money order of two hundred and fifty dollars and was paid a percentage of that. Away from his home and in a foreign environment, it was easy for him to fall in and develop relations with them. The Texas Syndicate, including its leadership, membership and associates, constitute an "enterprise" as defined by Title 18, United States Code, Section 1961(4), that is, a group of individuals associated in .
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