tethered cord surgery in adults recovery timegraphing linear inequalities worksheet

The care team will evaluate if your child is an ideal candidate for a tethered cord release surgery. A retrospective analysis of 82 adult patients (17 male cases, 82% and 24 female cases, 59%) with TCS treated by surgery was conducted between March, 2005 and December, 2015, with an average age of 31.6 years and average disease course of 6.7 years. WebMedian time to symptomatic improvement was least for pain (1 month), then motor (2.3 months), and then urinary symptoms (4.3 months; p = 0.04). Bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) monitoring is used to assess the integrity of urinary and bowel function. Besides, there was no deteriorated case. CSF leakage and urinary infection each occurred in 1 patient in untethering surgery cases, and massive intraoperative bleeding (more than 3,000 mL) was observed in 1 patient in the SSO group. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. An official website of the United States government. After the tumor was removed, the dura mater spinalis with low tonus was closed by water, and the dura mater spinalis with high tonus was formed by the autogenous fascia. Highlight selected keywords in the article text. Two (33%) of six patients who were not employed before surgery worked full time postoperatively. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Symptoms in patients with combined and lipomyelomeningocele TCS was relatively heavier, fat surrounded multiple bundle of cauda equina, dissociating of the cauda equina was therefore more difficult, and it was difficult to be completely removed, also accompanied with subsidiary-injury recurrence of TCS, finally resulting in poor prognosis and none significant improvement of symptoms.[17]. Generally, although surgical invasiveness is greater with SSO, this procedure could be considered as a viable alternative to untethering surgery in complicated adult TCS cases. Patients needing surgery for adult TCS are relatively young, so this postoperative complication would be a serious disadvantage of SSO for them. After surgery, the lipoma was removed almost completely (B). 8. Methods: 2. 19. Bristow RG, Laperriere NJ, Tator C, et al. For patients combined with subcutaneous giant lipoma in the lumbosacral region, the subcutaneous tumor was removed, and the drainage tube was placed into the left empty cavity, followed by pressurized dressing and vacuum aspiration. The result may be nerve damage and severe pain. This abnormal fixation limits or prohibits movement of the cord within the spinal column. Conclusions: Asian J Neurosurg. At present, the classification of lipoma-oriented TCS is confused, Arai et al[15] had classified it into 5 different kinds, including the dorsal, caudal, combined, filar, and lipomyelomeningocele; while it was subdivided into the lower conical, lateral conical, and upper conical by Wang et al. Number of patients with organ space infection within 30 days of principal operative procedure Readmission within 30 days Return to the OR within 30 days Educational Module Download Tethered Cord: Post-Operative Care Educational Module Updated February 12, 2021 Key References: Bowman RM, Mohan A, Ito J, Seibly JM, Neurophysiological monitoring for safe surgical tethered cord syndrome release in adults. A T12 to L1 diskectomy and L1 upper one-third vertebral body resection were performed thereafter. The overall clinical improvement was significantly greater in the SSO group (90.0%) than in the untethering group (33.3%; p=0.003). 1994 Oct;81(4):513-9. doi: 10.3171/jns.1994.81.4.0513. Klekamp J. Tethered cord syndrome in adults. your express consent. 9 2011 Jun 15;36(14):E944-9. Complications after spinal anesthesia in adult tethered cord syndrome. Physicians: To refer a patient, call 410-955-7337. You will have many questions about the disorder, and we are here to answer them. 1999 Jan;90(1):175. doi: 10.3171/jns.1999.90.1.0175. This study has two limitations in particular. The patient was a 36-year-old man who had undergone myelomeningocele repair during infancy. An umbilical hernia repair is a relatively routine surgery and takes about 20 to 30 minutes. stretching. Then, temporary rods were fixed in place for column stability while we performed the osteotomy. Wang XG, Zhou YD, Ji SJ, et al. Surgery is lengthier in adults since they have thicker backs than children do. Two groups were distinguished based on the absence (Group A, 43 patients) or presence (Group B, 42 patients) of an associated lipoma or dysraphic cyst (that is, dermoid, epidermoid, or neurenteric cyst). It is important for patients to discuss the goal of surgery with their doctor. In this group of patients, postoperative pain symptoms of lumbosacral portion and both lower extremities improved significantly and remarkably, the defecation dysfunction in most patients was improved to some extent, but there were still some patients having frequent micturition and urinary retention; furthermore, muscle strength of lower limbs also increased, most patients had different degrees of improvement of muscle strength, which was basic consistent with the conclusion draw from Htittmann. Tethered cord syndrome treatment. Independent sample t tests and Fisher exact tests were performed to compare the results between the untethering and SSO groups. 2018 Mar;97(11):e0111. This causes stretching of the spinal cord as your child grows, leading to extra stress on nerves. Tethered cord occurs when the spinal cord is attached to tissues around the spine, most commonly at the base of the spine. 5 J Neurosurg. Although surgery in adults involves greater risk of neurological injury than in children, it is a low-risk procedure with encouraging results. We understand it may be overwhelming to hear that your child has a tethered spinal cord. The tethered spinal cord is developed by the following ways: A . I had tethered cord release and had micro leaks for 7 months with 3 blood patches at different levels. You may search for similar articles that contain these same keywords or you may The preoperative pathology was lipomeningocele in all SSO group and lipoma or tight terminal filum in the untethering group. Tethered cord syndrome: an updated review. In a small percentage Only 5 of the conservatively treated patients experienced clinical deterioration over time; in 4 of these individuals with deterioration, surgery had been recommended but was refused by the patient. In addition and preoperatively, there were 68 cases (83%) of varying degrees of pain in the lumbosacral portion and lower extremity, 58 cases (71%) of motor dysfunction of the lower extremity, 44 cases (54%) with abnormal sensation, and 50 cases (61%) of defecation dysfunction. In adults, dethetering of the spinal cord . Surgery may be difficult, and is always accompanied by > houses for auction ammanford > tethered spinal cord surgery recovery time. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Depending on your childs age, symptoms of tethered cord syndrome vary. The most common presenting feature was pain, followed by weakness and incontinence. Lower back pain. Review of the literature]. 1A and B). Nakashima H, Imagama S, Matsui H, Yukawa Y, Sato K, Kanemura T, Kamiya M, Ito K, Matsuyama Y, Ishiguro N, Kato F. Global Spine J. [2], Dermoid cyst should be completely removed together with cyst wall as much as possible, cystic wall residue is easy to cause the recurrence of cyst, although decreased volume of cyst can relieve the symptom of tethered, characteristics of dermoid cyst may lead greater possibility to TCS than lipoma. [5] In 1976, Hoffman et al[6] reported 31 patients combined with conus medullaris after stretching slenderization, corresponding nerve function were improved following cutting off the tensive and thicker and filum terminale; besides, syndrome that the conus medullaris was stretched was named tethered spinal cord syndrome, has been used to describe for nervous dysfunction caused by conus medullaris stretching. For patients treated conservatively, follow-up information could be obtained in 33 of 42 patients. Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Billing, Insurance & Financial Assistance, Unusual dimple or bump near the lower part of the spine. These electrodes connect to a computer that lets doctors know how well the nerves in your childs head, arms and legs are working throughout the surgery. (A) A 37-year-old male patient with a lumbar spinal lipoma at L3/L4 level. He experienced improvement in leg pain and motor strength after untethering. For larger cysts, it is not possible to force the free capsule wall directly, because the cone and the cauda equina are in a high tension state, and any tiny stretching is likely to cause further damage. J Neurosurg Spine. A lumbar laminectomy for release of a tethered cord. One patient in the untethering surgery group underwent SSO because the symptoms worsened 1year after untethering. 2020 Feb;41(2):249-256. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-04056-2. For cyst wall with many serious adhesions of cauda equina nerve, partial resection of the cyst wall can be performed under electrophysiological monitoring, which will also have a good operation effect. Dallas. He underwent SSO 1.5 years after untethering surgery. Doctor en Historia Econmica por la Universidad de Barcelona y Economista por la Universidad de la Repblica (Uruguay). WebWhat happens after tethered spinal cord surgery? 7 The variations of tethering lesions were tight terminal filum (present in 1 patient), lipoma (5 patients), and lipomyelomeningocele (8 patients). Improvement in back pain and leg pain or numbness usually happens first, and bladder and bowel improvement happen last. Yasutsugu Yukawa, none 7 Frequent micturition, diminished knee and ankle reflexes, and difficulty in bending were exhibited in partial patients. The .gov means its official. Eleven patients underwent untethering surgery, and 3 patients underwent SSO surgery. FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM-https://www.instagram.com/mattandemmHello, my name is Emily and I'm here to give you a peek into my daily life. Altered sensation (numbness or paresthesia) and bladder and/or fecal dysfunction were the most common complaints among 11 patients (79%). Surgery to detach the spinal cord from the sheath. We have remained at the forefront of medicine by fostering a culture of collaboration, pushing the boundaries of medical research, educating the brightest medical minds and maintaining an unwavering commitment to the diverse communities we serve. WebAdult Tethered Cord Release - cns.org Open Access The Nexus online library is your free comprehensive resource for neurosurgical cases and approaches. 9 A nurse will call you for your childs anesthesia screening 1-2 days before their scheduled surgical date. (D) Postoperative sagittal T2-weighted MRI scan obtained 1year after surgery. Nineteen (86%) of 22 employed patients returned to work after surgery. For instance, if a traditional fusion surgery is performed, recovery time will be longer and thus differ from a less invasive, motion preserving spine procedure. SSO is a highly invasive type of surgery, but as the average age of adults with TCS ranges from 35 to 46 years,1 Perioperative complications are another concern in adult TCS. A syringo-subarachnoid shunt to drain the cyst. In adults, surgery to free (detether) the spinal cord can reduce the size and further development of cysts in the cord. During this call, the nurse will help decide which type of anesthesia is best for your child and if your child may have any risks with anesthesia. Congenital tethered spinal cord syndrome in adults. 6 All the patients were from China and of Asian ethnicity. [11] In this paper, we suggest that it is possible to cut off the filum terminale if there will have no injury to the nerve under electrophysiological monitoring, corresponding prognostic outcome will be better than that that without disconnection of filum terminale. flag football tournaments 2022 tethered spinal cord surgery recovery time. J Neurosurg. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The mean age at onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 30 years and 37 years, respectively. Tethered spinal cord syndrome is a neurologic disorder as well as a stretch-induced functional disorder caused . This allows the covering of the spinal cord to seal so Surgery is the only treatment for tethered cord. Search for Similar Articles Changes of symptoms were associated with the course of disease; patients with relatively shorter disease course were shown to have a mild Hoffman grading, whereas patients with relatively longer disease course were indicated to have a severe Hoffman grading. Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a neurologic disorder caused by abnormal traction of the spinal cord resulting from several pathologic conditions: thickened filum terminale, meningocele, lipomyelomeningocele, and split cord malformation.1 Back and leg pain improved in 50 and 63% of patients, respectively. 6 WebFollowing a tethered cord release surgery, children are typically discharged in 1-2 days after surgery. 13 general health condition is usually good, so SSO could be an appropriate procedure for adults with TCS. 6 WebSurgery is a treatment option for tethered spinal cord syndrome; however, to relieve pain if surgery is not advisable, the spinal cord nerve roots may be cut. To be included, patients (1) had to be>18 years old at the time of surgery and (2) had to have undergone spinal surgery for TCS. to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without Miyakoshi N, Abe E, Suzuki T, Kido T, Chiba M, Shimada Y. Spine-shortening vertebral osteotomy for tethered cord syndrome: report of three cases. Second, a standardized surgical protocol was not used, and the surgical approach was left to the discretion of the attending surgeon. Revision surgery in patients with complex dysraphic lesions should be performed in exceptional cases only. This lessens the chance of any major complications caused by damage to the spinal cord. National Library of Medicine The care team is well educated in providing pain management options based on the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol. Muscle weakness was present in 10 patients (71%), 8 (57%) had leg pain and sciatica, and 6 (43%) had back pain. WebA tethered spinal cord occurs when the spinal cord is attached to tissue around the spine, most commonly at the base of the spine. . Recovery involves a period of immobility where the . Refer a Patient. This can cause many different symptoms called tethered cord syndrome. 1. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. With a recommendation for surgery this figure rose to 47% within 5 years. Yamada S, Zinke DE, Sanders D. Pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome. Fourteen patients (37.712.5 years) with TCS were enrolled at 6 hospitals. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181fc2edd. The tethering effect was caused either by a split cord malformation, a thick filum terminale, a conus medullaris lipoma with extradural extension, or various combinations of these mechanisms. 7 In addition, some patients refused to take surgical treatment, and their symptoms were further aggravated or new symptoms appeared followed by telephone or outpatient follow-up. Most people have physical or occupational therapy to help regain function after surgery. Maurya VP, Rajappa M, Wadwekar V, et al. 2 And if you do have to take laxatives - just go ahead and do that. Get the latest news, explore events and connect with Mass General. Features of the condition may include foot and spinal abnormalities; weakness in the legs; loss of sensation (feeling) in the lower limbs; lower back pain; scoliosis; and urinary incontinence. These back pains were treated conservatively with oral analgesic agents. The categories of tethering lesions were tight terminal filum in 1 patient, lipoma in 5 patients, and lipomyelomeningocele in 8 patients. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study. Of the 2515 patients, 85 adults with a tethered cord syndrome formed the basis of this study. (B) Preoperative sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan shows a low-placed conus medullaris and terminal filum connected with a subcutaneous lipomyelomeningocele at the S1S2 level. to analyze our web traffic. This keeps the spinal cord from moving freely, leading to stretching and tension that can cause nerve damage. Epub 2015 Nov 26. Epub 2012 Jul 13. My headaches began as intolerance to light and sound. Shooting pain in the legs. In adults, if the only abnormality is a thickened, shortened filum, then a limited lumbosacral laminectomy may suffice, with division of the filum once identified. Over time, the term ''tethered cord'' has been . Weakness or numbness in the legs. 8 Garceau GJ. microsurgery; tethered cord syndrome; tumor. This study compared clinical outcomes and perioperative complications resulting from untethering and SSO surgery performed on patients with adult TCS. Their clinical charts, operative records, and follow-up data were reviewed. A total of 72 cases applied positive straight incision, 10 cases of lumbosacral lipoma with longitudinal incision. For this procedure, the patient is placed under general anesthesia. 2004 Aug;62(2):127-33; discussion 133-5. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2003.11.025. Typically, there is also a short filum and, as a result of both anomalies, a tethered cord. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Tethered spinal cord syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by tissue attachments that limit the movement of the spinal cord within the spinal column. We use cookies and other tools to enhance your experience on our website and The care team uses neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring during the entire surgery to ensure your childs spinal cord still works properly. Lee G Y, Paradiso G, Tator C H, Gentili F, Massicotte E M, Fehlings M G. Surgical management of tethered cord syndrome in adults: indications, techniques, and long-term outcomes in 60 patients. Two months later (a couple of weeks after her 10th birthday) on christmas break, she had surgery for the tethered cord (done by a neurosurgeon). Pathway Background and Objectives. Iskandar BJ, Fulmer BB, Hadley MN, Oakes WJ. First, it was a retrospective review of a small number of patients, due to the fact that the number of adult patients with TCS is relatively low, so securing a large number of patients for the study (especially patients with SSO) was difficult even though the study was a multicenter one. In the early stage of embryo, spinal cord and vertebral canal were roughly equal, but in the later development process, bony spinal growth were indicated to be faster, which was out of synchronization with the growth of spinal cord. [3,4] Adult onset cases are rare compared to that in children. In surgically treated patients, pain relief can often be achieved, and long-term neurological stabilization tends to persist more often than it does in conservatively treated patients. The .gov means its official. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. WebOnce the myelomeningocele is freed from all scarred attachments, the dura and the wound are closed. Stretching and tension, especially in a growing child, can cause neurologic damage. Based on this small retrospective case series, SSO appears to provide clinical improvement at least comparable to the untethering procedure, especially in more challenging cases. 8 official website and that any information you provide is encrypted In the adult population, many patients receive inadequate care unless they are seen at a multidisciplinary clinic. Among individuals who did not undergo surgery, 17 patients refused surgery and 25 patients underwent recommended conservative treatment. Because neurological deficits are generally irreversible, early surgery is recommended. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, Received in revised form October 19, 2016. Primary is typically a form of OSD while secondary usually occurs following a myelomeningocele repair or other type of spinal cord surgery History and Exam Tethered spinal cord is most commonly diagnosed in infancy by the discovery of a abnormality noticed on the skin of the back. All patients were followed up, no death occurred. van Leeuwen R Notermans N C Vandertop W P, Surgery in adults with tethered cord syndrome: outcome study with independent clinical review. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Of these patients, there were 34 males and 48 females, with an age range of 18 to 47 years (average age, 31.6 years), and average disease course of 6.7 years. Naoki Ishiguro, none The duration of symptoms was significantly longer in the SSO group (2512.4 years) than in the untethering surgery group (8.26.3 years; p=0.01). The end of the spinal cord normally hangs and moves freely inside the spinal column. where is winter the dolphin buried; forest management plan maryland sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The effect of filum terminale sectioning for Chiari 1 malformation treatment: systematic review. Lumbosacral laminectomies were performed to obtain adequate exposure of the conus medullaris and cauda equina. Each time she had a surgery to scrape away the scar tissue, there was more of it, and her doctors had to make larger incisions on her back. Tethered cord due to spina bifida occulta presenting in adulthood: a tricenter review of 61 patients. WebPatients were examined by the same neurologist in a standardized fashion before and after surgery, and most were followed for at least 2 years postoperatively. WebAdult Tethered Cord Release - cns.org Open Access The Nexus online library is your free comprehensive resource for neurosurgical cases and approaches. 9. Your child may need an operation to help the spinal cord move freely. In children, the surgery to de-tether the spinal cord is more common and can be done at many institutions; the procedure is also lower risk in children than in adults. SSO was performed at the level of T12 or L1 (Fig. The .gov means its official. Some people might continue to have This can lead to infection if the incision is on the low back. dispersed camping roosevelt national forest, approach to pancytopenia in pediatrics ppt, cedar ridge high school basketball roster, private landlords in garfield heights ohio, que pasa cuando los dos amantes son casados, margot robbie samara weaving and jaime pressly, how to broadcast party chat on twitch xbox one, illinois state law on medication administration, purpose of short service line in badminton. WebHave you lie flat on your back for up to 72 hours to prevent cerebrospinal fluid from leaking around the spinal cord During your stay, the hospital staff will take steps to lower your School-age children are typically out of school for 2 weeks. HOB, positioning, activity, bathing: The patient is kept flat on bed rest for 3 days to allow for dural healing and to put as little CSF pressure on the dura as possible during this time. An official website of the United States government. According to Hoffman grading system, the neurologic symptoms were improved in 22 patients (27%) and stabilized in 60 patients (73%). Post-operative radiotherapy for recurrent dermoid cysts of the spine: a report of 3 cases. The authors reviewed their experience of newly diagnosed adult TCS patients to identify and explore TCS misdiagnosis, recognition, subtype pathology . If the nerves are stretched, they may not work properly, and this can cause problems for your child. 8 [] This entity was first described by Garceau (1953) and [16] On the whole, patients with filar TCS had the lightest symptoms, corresponding surgery was relatively easy, and prognosis in the follow-up period was relatively better after removing filum terminale. Tight terminal filum is easy to manage and has excellent outcome, but the complexity of the other pathologies makes it difficult to achieve sufficient clinical results in those cases.7 2 Tethered cord means that the spinal cord movement is limited within the spinal column due to abnormal tissue attachments. Some patients may be misdiagnosed as having sciatica, a more common source of lower back . Log in | Become a member | Create an Account If you are unable to log in contact membership@cns.org Activity modification. Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, Humphreys RP. All patients underwent surgery. One of the most common complications related to this surgery is wound infection, especially if the incision (cut into the skin) is made around the low back. The horizontal sacrum as an indicator of the tethered spinal cord in spina bifida aperta and occulta. 11/2021. This can lead to infection if the incision is on the low back. The site is secure. Learn about career opportunities, search for positions and apply for a job. bDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA. Disclaimer. Neurosurgery. 714-509-7070. Hertzler DA 2nd, DePowell JJ, Stevenson CB, et al. By clinical analysis of 611 cases of patients with lipoma-oriented TCS, Cui et al[19] proved that patients with no symptoms and mild symptoms obtained satisfactory postoperative curative effects, according to Hoffman grading evaluation of preoperative and postoperative changes of symptoms, whereas the curative effect was relatively poor in patients showing severe symptoms after operation, early surgical treatment was therefore recommended to obtain better curative effect. The mean age of the patients was 46 13 years (range 23-74 . FOIA 5 Tyagi R, Kloepping C, Shah S. Spinal cord stimulation for recurrent tethered cord syndrome in a pediatric patient: case report. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Because the incision is lower on the back around a part of the spine that does not bear your childs body weight, pain is limited. [7] Significantly different from children with TCS, there was also the existence of incentives in adult patients with TCS, such as hip hyperflexion due to high falling injury, lithotomy position delivery, long-time sitting causing over stretching of the spinal cord, all of which might evoke the development of TCS.[8]. In syringomyelia, the watery liquid known as . Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies [Intramedullary mature teratoma associated with an attached cord and an intradural lipoma. One patient showed worsening of sensory function and another patient complained of a new lower back pain in the SSO group. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010111. But previous investigation estimated that no more than 40% of dermoid cyst could be completely removed. For all patients, pain was the most common major complaint. J Neurosurg Spine. Accessibility 7. government site. The spinal cord tension was relieved after surgery as shown by preoperative MRI. His preoperative symptoms were muscle weakness, gait disturbance, urinary and fecal dysfunction, and back and leg pain. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of BCR monitoring during untethering surgery in infants and children to predict postoperative urinary and bowel dysfunction. Shinjo T, Hayashi H, Takatani T, Boku E, Nakase H, Kawaguchi M. J Clin Monit Comput. Therefore, he believed that the dysfunction of the nerve cells in the spinal cord might be caused by the impairment of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Klekamp[14] advocated that for small lipoma and cone did not show obvious compression, the symptom is mainly caused by tethered, simply releasing of the tethered is suitable to prevent postoperative adhesion and not to destroy lipoma; and for larger lipoma compressed the conus medullaris, decreasing the volume of lipoma from internal, retaining the capsule, and sewing up the incision will be more effective to reduce the possibility of adhesion. Milano JB, Barcelos ACES, Onishi FJ, Daniel JW, Botelho RV, Dantas FR, Neto ER, de Freitas Bertolini E, Mudo ML, Brock RS, de Oliveira RS, Joaquim AF. Others could end up re-tethered within months of the first surgery. Because neurological deficits are generally irreversible, early surgery is recommended. Garg K, Tandon V, Kumar R, et al. Treatment of posttraumatic syringomyelia. This can cause the spinal cord to stretch out as the spine grows, leading to possible nerve damage, pain and other symptoms. He or she can have a pillow but do not raise the head of the bed. Tethered Cord Syndrome in Children and Adults. 11 TCS caused by different causes may have different curative effects following surgical treatment, for example, if TCS is induced by simply thickening filum terminale, the removal of filum terminale can get better operation results; if it is caused by myelomeningocele, which are usually combined with spina bifida, the operation is relatively complex and surgery is needed to be operated as soon as possible to protect the neurological function, the most important is to suture the dura completely and prevent further TCS. When surgeons operate around the spinal cord, the area where the CSF lies is opened so they can untether the spinal cord. Meanwhile, patients with shorter disease courses were suggested to accompany with obvious improvement of symptoms postoperatively when compared to those patients preoperatively; besides, the course of disease was within 1 year regarding those patients showing a completely recovery of the abovementioned symptoms. Values of p<0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. The care team will review your childs symptoms and how tethered cord syndrome is affecting their quality of life. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features!

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tethered cord surgery in adults recovery time
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