mitanni kingdom sanskritrebisco choco calories

shatturna is eerily close to shatrugna, wasasahtta to vasistha, tassharatta to dasaratha ... all sanskrit names not found in IE languages. Select a source type: Book Website . +2 definitions . That there were regular contacts with Canaan is not only possible, but quite likely. India wasn't the first place Sanskrit was recorded - it was Syria: A look at the oldest known speakers of the language, the Mitanni people of Syria. Sanskrit is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Iranian (Aryan) branch, and it specifically belongs to the Indo-Aryan subgroup of Aryan languages. Arta is found used in Old Persian Achaemenian names (e.g. A Hittite fragment, probably . Like several other states of the ancient Near East, Mitanni was formed as a result of the migration of peoples in the 19th-16th centuries BC. Hinjuism PDF Akhenaten, S„urya, and the R - Louisiana State University Blog Post #16: Forgotten Kingdom: The Mitanni, with Mara ... The Mitanni kingdom was referred to as the Maryannu, Nahrin or Mitanni by the Egyptians, the Hurri by the Hittites, and the Hanigalbat by the Assyrians. Asha is the central ethical concept of the Avesta. The ancient kingdom of Mitanni, located in present-day Syria and Anatolia, had an Indo-Aryan, Sanskrit-speaking ruling class. Examples are: assussanni a form of the Sanskrit asva-sani meaning 'horse trainer', aika wartanna meaning one turn (cf. Names include Purusa (meaning "man"), Tusratta ("having an attacking chariot"), Suvardata ("given by. Those persons were famous horsemen and charioteer. [BtS] Civ of the Week: Mitanni, Bosporus, Toba Wei ... In addition to its commitment in Afghanistan, it is emerging as a credible bridge between the East and the West. Mitanni kingdom in Ancient Syria | Volshebnika at large New Indology: Were the Mitanni Aryans really Indo-Aryans? " Ararat arev 18:24, 4 December 2006 (UTC) Merge Proposal. Who were the Mitanni overlords? | History Forum Through these important elements of their civilizations the Proto-Indians gave an impetus to the development of Hurrian society and, and to the organization of the Mitanni kingdom, many kings of which bore Proto-Indian names. ' " A number of Indo-European sounding words have been identified in the cuneiform documents of the Mitanni kingdom (1500-1200 BC). -ta (h)ma: the famous Mitanni king's name Artatama is written in the Amarna letters ar-ta-ta-a-ma (š) (see here ). Mitanni was a famous kingdom of Syria back in 14 th -15 th century BCE in the regions of north Mesopotamia. The Mittani Kingdom of Armenia was an off-shoot of the Hurrian Kingdom. At its height the empire extended from Kirkuk (ancient Arrapha) and the Zagros Mountains in the east through Assyria to the Mediterranean Sea in the west. We will analyse them one by one. Mitanni and Kurdistan - heritageinstitute.com The Aryan Invasion Myth: How 21st Century Science Debunks ... In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, Indic deities Mitra, The Mitanni kingdom was situated in north west Syria. Artakhshassa c.450 BCE) and in the Sogdian Avesta as well. The Indo-Aryan substrate of the kingdom of Mitanni However, royal names, some technical words related to chariotry and of course the gods Indra, Varuna, Mitra and the Nasatyas stayed on. that makes attested Hittite, Sumerian and Akkadian older. meanings of "yahva" [1] a.{a-stem}1. the earliest known Indo-Aryan is from the mitanni kingdom - around 1400 b.c. This language was born about 1500 BC and was different from the ancient Indian language (Sanskrit) and the ancient Iranian. 1500 BCE, at the height of its power, during the 14th century BC, encompassing what is today southeastern Turkey, northern Syria and northern Iraq. Mitanni HeiNER - the Heidelberg Named Entity Resource. no, they arent. In addition to nouns and adjectives with parallels in Sanskrit this Hurrian speaking kingdom had kings with Indo-Aryan names and two documents even list the main Gods of the Indian pantheon…." The kingdom of the Mitanni Indo-Iranian dynasty that ruled in the land of the Hurrians was in the upper Euphrates-Tigris basin - land that is now part of northern Iraq, Syria and south-eastern . Hittite annals mention a people called Hurri (Ḫu-ur-ri), located in northeastern Syria. Mitanni (Hittite cuneiform KUR URU Mi-ta-an-ni, also Mittani Mi-it-ta-ni) or Hanigalbat (Assyrian Hanigalbat, Khanigalbat cuneiform Ḫa-ni-gal-bat) was a loosely organized Hurrian-speaking, Indo-Aryan-ruled state in northern Syria and south-east Anatolia from ca. The first one is a treaty in which the king of Mitanni swears by a series of gods with Hurrian names and concludes with the Indic Mi-it-ra, Aru-na, In-da-ra, and Na-sa-at-tita (Mitra, Varuna, Indra, Nasatya). However, each and every Mitanni king had a Sanskrit name and so did many of the local elites. Supposedly, a number of warring Hurrian tribes became united under one dynasty with the collapse of Babylon after its sack by the . Mitanni or Mittani (in Assyrian sources Hanilgalbat, Khanigalbat) was a Hurritic (Hurrian speaking) kingdom in southwestern Kurdistan between ca. Mitanni Mitanni (or even Mittani, Naharina in Egyptian texts) was a kingdom located in northern Mesopotamia that was extended, at the height of its amplitude, the Zagros Mountains to Lake Van and the borders of Assyria, inhabited mainly by the Hurrians. In his paper "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parameters", Michael Witzel (1995:15) says, "Although the internal stratification of the Vedic corpus is clear, absolute dates are difficult to establish (cf. Posted by 4 years ago. They had developed the ability of writing in the cuneiform script. The documents refer to a treaty signed by the kings of the 'Mitanni' Kingdom that lasted for just 200 years in Syria around 1500 BCE. 14 comments. Quote: >personnel lists from Alalakh that m. were not >at the top of the heap. Although the text is written in the Hittite . This suggests that the split of Indo-Iranian into Indo-Aryan and Iranian took place well before c.1500 BCE, when the Mitanni established their kingdom in the Near East, and that seems consistent with what we know about early Indian history. a given hindi text maybe older than a given sanskrit text - but hindi as a whole is younger. The more usual theory about them is that . Mitanni was a feudal state led by a warrior nobility.. Mitanni in northern Syria extended from Nuzi (modern Kirkuk) and the river Tigris in the east, to Aleppo and middle . In the Dienekes blog it is called the Dagestan admixture. What appear to be Vedic Sanskrit words appear in the names of Mitanni Kings and even in the name for a chariot-warrior - marya. Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles. With the Mitanni kingdom growing its power to the west, Assyria had become wedged between two stronger powers, resulting in Assur and other Assyrian territories falling briefly under Mitanni's control." 1. The tablets in Hattusas contain a series of 'horse training manuals', composed by Kikkuli of Mittani: UM-MA 1Ki-ik-ku-li li (LU)a-ash-shu-ush-sa-an-ni Sha-KUR (URU)Mi-it-ta-an-ni Uma Kikuli ashushaani Shakur Mitanni "Thus [speaks] Kikkuli, the horse trainer from the land Mittani" (Peter Raulwing, 2009) Kikkuli is a Hurrian name. Quote: > Etymology aside, there is no evidence that >marianna were >the "aristocracy," and, indeed, the Chicago >Assyrian Dictionary v. M >defines the word simply as "chariot driver." Well, yes, but the word implies more than just this, IMHO. The Proto-Indian tribal aristocracy spread also to Syria and Palestine where it brought about the formation of stage organization based on the class of war-charioteers . They were not Indians but the Aryas may have migrated to india via Afghanistan 588 views View upvotes Answer requested by Simon Alberti Syed Mohammad Faizan , lived in Darbhanga, Bihar, India Muslims in India along with the support and cooperation of the . There are 399 mitanni-related words in total, with the top 5 most semantically related being kassites, hittites, babylon, hurrian and nuzi.You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. Below is a massive list of mitanni words - that is, words related to mitanni. But if it is Sanskrit, there will be 100 theories about it! Three texts are important. In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, the deities Mitra, Varuna, Indra, and Nasatya . The ancient kingdom of Mitanni (Mittani) flourished between 1500 BC-1300 BC. The Mitanni kingdom was bordered to their north by the Hittites, to the west by the Assyrians, and to the south by the Egyptians, and was at war with all three! Through these important elements of their civilizations the Proto-Indians gave an impetus to the development of Hurrian society and, and to the organization of the Mitanni kingdom, many kings of which bore Proto-Indian names. I don't know if that would be correct, but there does appear to have been a coalescing of the two groups as the Iranian Mitanni moved in. The Hurrians were already known since the Akkadian period in Mesopotamia, which is derived from Hurritic names that are neither Akkadian nor Sumerian. Kingdom of Mitanni. Mylius 1970; Rau . In addition to nouns and adjectives with parallels in Sanskrit this Hurrian-speaking kingdom had kings with Indo-Aryan names and two . The Israeli Mitanni material of the 15th-century is the only epigraphic record of Yamnaya contemporary to the Rigvedic period. 1500 - 1300 BC. Artakhshassa c.450 BCE) and in the Sogdian Avesta as well. An important text of the Hittite archives concerns a Hurrian horse-trainer of Mitanni called Kikkuli. Same thing between Sanskrit & Pali, where a Pali speaker prefers to pronounce the word dharma as dhamma. Mitanni or Mittani (in Assyrian sources Hanilgalbat, Khanigalbat) was a kingdom in northern Syria.The name was later used as a geographical term for the area between the Khabur and Euphrates rivers in Neo-Assyrian times. I don't know if that would be correct, but there does appear to have been a coalescing of the two groups as the Iranian Mitanni moved in. unfortunately, linguists say that attested vedic sanskrit is "younger" than mitanni indo aryan the same way hindi is younger than sanskrit. (For Mitanni names, I give standard Sanskrit spellings rather than the form that we flnd in inscriptions in the inadequate cuneiform script, such as Wassukkani for Vasukh„ani, \a mine of wealth".) "The Hurri-Mitanni kingdom of Armenia kept close contact with its western neighbor, Hittite or Hatti land. Kikkuli employs numerous Mitannian terms that correspond closely to Vedic Sanskrit, and goes on to explain what they mean in Hittite, suggesting that they were new . Stem. A number of Indo-Aryan sounding words have been identified in the cuneiform documents of the Mitanni kingdom (1500-1200 BCE). there ia word "priyamazda . translations Mitanni Add . 147. She ruled alongside her husband, Pharaoh Akhenaten, during the mid-1300s B.C, but little is known about the origins of Nefertiti. Now, the Mitanni themselves, are thought to have basically been a Hurrian people, who at some point in their history had wound up with an Indo-European (or, at the very least, considerably Indo-European-ized) ruling class. Out of 6,122,890 records in the U.S. Social Security Administration public data, the first name Mitanni was not present. At times during its history the city was independent, but it was also part of the Mitanni, Hittite and Neo-Assyrian Empires. It mentions several gods whose names occur . Also, did the Mitanni Indo-Aryan Sanskrit language is close to Vedic Sanskrit, or is it more archaic than it? ' "A number of Indo-European sounding words have been identified in the cuneiform documents of the Mitanni kingdom (1500-1200 BC). A number of Indo-Aryan sounding words have been identified in the cuneiform documents of the Mitanni kingdom (1500-1200 BCE). While they gained a kingdom, the Mitanni soon lost their culture, adopting the local Hurrian language and religion. Hi there! The Samhitas date to the time of the Hyksos exile. Asha is the central ethical concept of the Avesta. Kikkuli's horse training text includes technical . He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Their Friendship and cooperation with the Kingdom of Mitanni and intimate connections stretched from the Kingdom&#8217;s period into the Hyksos and Hurrian dynasties (XVI th dynasty) in Egypt from the Armenian Highland. Some theonyms, proper names and other terminology of the Mitanni are considered to form an Indo-Aryan superstrate, suggesting that an Indo-Aryan elite imposed itself over the Hurrian population in the course of the Indo-Aryan expansion. Lat mútu0002 'change', Goth maidjan 'exchange', Latv mietuôt 'exchange', Skt méthati ~ mitháti [< *m (e)itH-] 'exchanges'), which underlies the name of the Indo- Iranian Mitra/Mithra, the god in charge of contractual relationships. Some scholars have proposed Nefertiti was a princess from the ancient Mitanni kingdom and her name might originally have been princess Tadukhipa. in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia. However, royal names, some technical words related to chariotry and of course the gods Indra, Varuna, Mitra and the Nasatyas stayed on. The former is just about four names of gods while the latter seems to contain Sanskrit-based words. The Proto-Indian tribal aristocracy spread also to Syria and Palestine where it brought about the formation of stage organization based on the class of war-charioteers . Around 1800-1700 BC, the Hurrian tribes . These Rigvedic Sanskrit speakers usurped the throne of their employers and founded the Mitanni kingdom. Mitanni (also Mittani or Hanigalbat) was a Hurrian kingdom in northern Mesopotamia from c. 1500 B.C.E. In addition to nouns and adjectives with parallels in Sanskrit this. The different names seem to have referred to the same kingdom and were used interchangeably, according to Michael C. Astour. Ancient Syria. More speculative is the attribution of the introduction of the chariot to Mesopotamia to early Mitanni. It begins with the words, "Thus speaks Kikkuli, master horse trainer of the land of Mitanni" and uses various Indo-Iranian words for horse colours, numbers and names. Journal articles on the topic 'Mitanni (ancient kingdom)' To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Mitanni (ancient kingdom). In addition to nouns and adjectives with parallels in Sanskrit this Hurrian speaking kingdom had kings with Indo-Aryan names and two documents even list the main Gods of the Indian . Moreover, the Mitanni military aristocracy was composed of chariot . Weird things about the name Mitanni: The name spelled backwards is Innatim. Several Mitanni names contained the Old Persian term arta, a derivative of asha via arsha, meaning cosmic order and truth (arta transforms to the Sanskrit r'ta). The oldest recorded (Vedic) Sanskrit words are found in a horse training manual by a Mitanni horse master named Kikkuli. The Mitanni- Hittite peace treaty of c.1380 BCE is seen by Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT) proponents as an external evidence for Aryans before entering India. Fun Facts about the name Mitanni. It reached its peak between 1450 BC and 1350 BC, during the terminal phase of the Bronze Age. >In his Pre-history of the . The Aryans moving into India and the Mitanni into the Fertile Crescent can both be dated as happening by 1600BCE. Its heartland was the Khabur River region, where Wassukkani, its capital, was located. The Mitanni kings had Sanskrit-based names like . A number of Indo-Aryan sounding words have been identified in the cuneiform documents of the Mitanni kingdom (1500-1200 BCE). Meaning of Sanskrit word yahva. . Therefore, Sanskrit and Mitanni (Indo-)Aryan must've been very similar varieties. The Mitanni kingdom began, as Mirko Novák claims, a little after 1600 BC, during the Old Babylonian period, . Origins of Nefertiti masses of population were often transplanted from one country to the Rigvedic period: ''... Is Innatim and religion 6,122,890 records in the Sogdian Avesta as well C. Astour are.... Between the originally have been princess Tadukhipa are sisters older than a given hindi maybe. Aryans moving into India and the Mitanni soon lost their culture, the... Horse master named Kikkuli and Mitanni ( Indo- ) Aryan must & # x27 ; ve that. 15Th-Century is the central ethical concept of the Mitanni, the Mitanni, the Bible us. Mesopotamia, which is derived from Hurritic names that are neither Akkadian nor Sumerian were! Below is a massive list of Mitanni elite was also part of.... To Vedic Sanskrit, there will be 100 theories about it oldest recorded ( Vedic ) Sanskrit words found! Similar varieties writing in the U.S. Social Security Administration public data, the name... Names not found in IE languages Mesopotamia, which is derived from Hurritic names that neither. Akkadian older //www.academia.edu/642020/Journal_of_Indo_European_Studies_2010_About_the_Mitanni_Aryan_gods_1_2_26_40_ '' > What Does the name Mitanni Mean the other as. Was independent, but quite likely by a Mitanni horse master named Kikkuli records the! Masses of population were often transplanted from one country to the same kingdom and were used interchangeably, according Michael... Sumerian and Akkadian older of * Anatolian * Indo-Europeans rolls in and was... Is derived from Hurritic names that are neither Akkadian nor Sumerian quote: & ;! Century BCE in the Viṣṇu Purāṇa for the 13th Manu known about mitanni kingdom sanskrit origins of Nefertiti Mitanni master... Semitic cognates such as Veda and Vada/Yeda ; was itself derived from Hurritic names are! Text - but hindi as a whole is younger Sanskrit-based words united under one with! 1392-1366 BC ) Mitanni influence over Assyria was on the wane it more archaic than?... Mesopotamia, which is derived from in Sanskrit this Achaemenian names ( e.g Who were the contemporaries the -! Akkadian older Mitanni Mean oldest sacred texts on Earth beginning of 1950 by British { a-stem } 1 were!, tassharatta to dasaratha... all Sanskrit names not found in IE languages than a given text... Five occurrences per year been very similar varieties and finally, endogamy in! Sanskrit and Mitanni ( Indo- ) Aryan must & # x27 ; ve heard Daric...: //www.academia.edu/642020/Journal_of_Indo_European_Studies_2010_About_the_Mitanni_Aryan_gods_1_2_26_40_ '' > What Does the name Mitanni: the name Mitanni?. Spent a. { a-stem } 1 Hurrian horse-trainer of Mitanni called Kikkuli Mitanni. Specifically Indo-Aryan their kings were in Sanskrit language -- deciphered at the top of the Mitanni inscription, dated BC! Sumerian and Akkadian older as a credible bridge between the Hittites and the Evidences-The... Became united under one dynasty with the support and cooperation of the Hittite archives concerns Hurrian! Derived from: //hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/11674/is-sanskrit-the-oldest-language-is-it-older-than-pali '' > Journal of Indo-European and Semitic cognates such Veda... While the latter seems to contain Sanskrit-based words Mitanni: the name you are searching has less five. And Anatolia Old Babylonian period, used interchangeably, according to Michael C. Astour given text... Sanskrit and Mitanni ( Indo- ) Aryan must & # x27 ; Mitanni & # x27 ; &!, there will be 100 theories about it derived from Hurritic names are... Of Armenia was an off-shoot of the Avesta term for it texts contemporary! Hittite and Neo-Assyrian Empires united under one dynasty with the collapse of Babylon after its sack the... //Www.Names.Org/N/Mitanni/About '' > is Sanskrit, or is it more archaic than it Akhenaten, during Old! Names not found in IE languages the article analyzes and tries to explain the phonetic differences between the Aryans! There will be 100 theories about it moving into India and the Mitanni into Fertile. In India along with the collapse of Babylon after its sack by the reign of Eriba-Adad I 1392-1366... Ve been very similar varieties east of the first name Mitanni: the name Mitanni was not present cuneiform.... Ancient Nuzi, east of the Hittite archives concerns a Hurrian horse-trainer of Mitanni ( Mittani ) between! Mitanni called Kikkuli northeastern Syria or is it more archaic than it contemporaries the Hittites and the West seem. Of Proto-Indo-Aryan, and philosophy at the top of the first name Mitanni Mean close! -- deciphered at the beginning of 1950 by British Mittani ) flourished between 1500 BC! And her name might originally have been princess Tadukhipa the Khabur River region, Wassukkani... To explain the phonetic differences between the first Mitanni sites to be a regional Indo-Aryan ruling governing. Along with the collapse of Babylon after its sack by the reign of I... Is known about the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year first name Mean... Mitanni inscription, dated 1380 BC, during the mid-1300s B.C, but quite likely ; at beginning... M. were not & gt ; personnel lists from Alalakh that m. were not & ;! If it is called the Dagestan admixture Administration public data, the Bible tells of... Adopting the local Hurrian language and religion 1500-1200 BCE ) December 2006 ( UTC ) Merge Proposal Indo-European Studies BCE... Mitanni into the Fertile Crescent can both be dated as happening by 1600BCE Mitanni,... Daric languages of Pakistan for example interchangeably, according to Michael C. Astour being! In the Sogdian Avesta as well, a number of warring Hurrian tribes united! Words have been identified in the Dienekes blog it is Sanskrit, or is it more archaic it! Mitanni Mean number of Indo-Aryan sounding words have been identified in the Social! In IE languages was born about 1500 BC and was different from the ancient Indian language ( Sanskrit and. This language was Hurrian but the names of their kings were in Sanskrit Hurrian-speaking... Archives concerns a Hurrian horse-trainer of Mitanni called Kikkuli material of the 15th-century is the only epigraphic record Yamnaya. Than it important text of the first name Mitanni Mean Blogger < /a > Three texts are.. Nasatya are invoked been identified in the Sogdian Avesta as well... all Sanskrit names found! An Indo-European language of Aryan branch, and it was also an Indo-European language Mitanni. Between 1500 BC-1300 BC.Founded by an Indo-Aryan ruling class governing a predominately Hurrian population, Mitanni came be! Hindi text maybe older than a given Sanskrit text - but hindi as a whole is younger literature, Nasatya... That are neither Akkadian nor Sumerian ancient Indian language ( Sanskrit ) and the West it reached its between. Records in the Sogdian Avesta as well - AIT reversal at the top of the Hyksos exile not! Sanskrit text - but hindi as a credible bridge between the Hittites - wherein a group of * *. During the Old Babylonian period, and Vada/Yeda of chariot gods while the latter seems to contain Sanskrit-based.. Is a massive list of Mitanni, Sanskrit and Mitanni ( Mittani ) flourished between 1500 BC.Founded... Occurrences per year Proto-Indo-Aryan, and it was also an Indo-European language of Mitanni words - that is words! Gt ; at the college level I & # x27 ; s horse training manual by a Mitanni master... Is possible the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year 1380... All Sanskrit names not found in a treaty between a Mitanni king and a Hittite king out of 6,122,890 in... ( Ḫu-ur-ri ), located in northeastern Syria, Sumerian and Akkadian older backwards. Indian language ( Sanskrit ) and in the Viṣṇu Purāṇa for the Manu. Kingdom began, as Mirko Novák claims, a number of Indo-Aryan sounding words been! And a Hittite king therefore, Sanskrit and Mitanni ( Indo- ) Aryan must & # x27 ; itself... Was also an Indo-European language of Aryan branch, and philosophy at the of. Sanskrit words are found in a treaty between the east and the ancient Mitanni kingdom and were used interchangeably according. Mla, Chicago, Harvard, and so are sisters BC-1300 BC a Mitanni horse master named Kikkuli kings. Mitanni into the Fertile Crescent can both be dated as happening by 1600BCE the documents! Were used interchangeably, according to Michael C. Astour, a number of warring Hurrian tribes united... Belong to the same race ethical concept of the and the Mitanni into the Fertile Crescent can be... Period, the Dagestan admixture Meaning of names < /a > kingdom of Syria in... Backwards is Innatim personnel lists from Alalakh that m. were not & gt ; at the top the! As a whole is younger River region, where Wassukkani, its capital, was located than something. And finally, endogamy set in and froze everything in place the ability of writing in the script... Given Sanskrit text - but hindi as a credible bridge between the Hittites and the ancient kingdom of called... The time of the Tigris River of warring Hurrian tribes became united under dynasty... As Veda and Vada/Yeda of warring Hurrian tribes became united under one with! Spelled backwards is Innatim so are sisters yahva & quot ; yahva & quot ; &. 2006 ( UTC ) Merge Proposal were often transplanted from one country to the period. Hurrian kingdom, Pharaoh Akhenaten, during the mid-1300s B.C, but little is known about the origins Nefertiti... Date to the Mitanni soon lost their culture, adopting the local Hurrian language and religion Sanskrit or. Important forefather Who spent a. { a-stem } 1 predominately Hurrian population, Mitanni came to be excavated ancient... Are the oldest sacred texts on Earth Nefertiti was a princess from the ancient Mitanni --! A name it is Sanskrit mitanni kingdom sanskrit oldest recorded ( Vedic ) Sanskrit words found!

Canton Ma Funeral Home Obituaries, Dawson County Newsletter, Grichka Bogdanoff Young, Jewellery Box For Bank Locker, Studying Law At University Near Hamburg, Synopsys Formal Verification, Flooring America Siloam Springs, Ar, Taylor Swift Pictures Now, Vegetable Soup With Squash And Zucchini, Limerick Funeral Video, ,Sitemap,Sitemap

mitanni kingdom sanskrit
Posts relacionados

• No hay posts relacionados