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View popular celebrities life details, birth signs and real ages. Also learn how She earned most of Margaret Hamilton networth? Devising, writing, testing, and testing these routines was quite commendable. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hamilton herself specifically concentrated on software to detect system errors and to recover information in a computer crash. At 83 years old, Margaret Hamilton height [59] Over time the term "software engineering" gained the same respect as any other technical discipline. It turned out that the astronaut checklist, which governed the actions the crew had to do before landing, had the crew set the rendezvous radar hardware switch in the wrong position. It was an ongoing joke for a long time. and he said 'Maggie, they want you to play a part on the Wizard.' She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Houston! While her acting career developed, her marriage began to fail; the couple divorced in 1938. Hamilton, now an independent computer scientist, described for MIT News in 2009 her contributions to the Apollo software which last month was added in its entirety to the code-sharing site GitHub: From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. From 1961 to 1963, she worked at MIT on an unknown aircraft trajectory tracking project. [23] This included error detection and recovery software such as restarts and the Display Interface Routines (also known as the Priority Displays), which Hamilton designed and developed. And what had happened was it was tricky programming, and the person who wrote it took delight in the fact that all of his comments were in Greek and Latin. In 1965 Margaret was named responsible for the development of the flight software for the computers that would go on board the Apollo spacecraft. Mutual respect was across the board. Hamilton said: What they used to do when you came into this organization as a beginner, was to assign you this program which nobody was able to ever figure out or get to run. In the episode, entitled "Triptych for a Witch," Hamilton played the title role. But a software incident almost derailed the landing, as Hamilton recalled in a 2009 interview with MIT. Until the day she died, she had children recognizing her and coming up to her to ask why she was so mean to Dorothy. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in . Click here if you want to see this biography in Spanish translation. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 9 December. In 1976, Hamilton co-founded with Saydean Zeldin a company called Higher Order Software (HOS)[40] to further develop ideas about error prevention and fault tolerance emerging from their experience at MIT working on the Apollo program. In 1962, Hamilton played Leora Scofield, a suffragette who arrives in Laramie, Wyoming, to bolster feminist causes in a territory where women had already obtained the right to vote, in the episode "Beyond Justice" of NBC's Laramie. She portrayed the sister of Witchiepoo from H.R. They're clapping at hearing the sound again.[11]. She appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood in 1975 where she explained to children she was only playing a role and showed how putting on a costume "transformed" her into the witch. In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer, together with the on-board flight software, averted an abort of the landing on the Moon. Half a century ago, MIT played a critical role in the development of the flight software for NASAs Apollo program, which landed humans on the Moon for the first time in 1969. Hamilton was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly.[6]. [16][18] These made her code incredibly reliable because they helped programmers identify and fix anomalies before they became major problems.[26]. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. We knew that. Omissions? She appeared on Broadway in the musical Goldilocks opposite Don Ameche and Elaine Stritch, gave a lighter touch to the domineering Parthy Anne Hawks in the 1966 revival of Show Boat (dancing with David Wayne), and was the tender Aunt Eller in the 1968 Lincoln Center revival of Oklahoma!. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Both those elements were crucial during the Apollo 11 mission (1969), which took astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the Moon. I will return to work on one condition no more fireworks!" [54][55][56] Hamilton details how she came to make up the term "software engineering": When I first came up with the term, no one had heard of it before, at least in our world. [17], Hamilton's early experience as a teacher fueled a lifelong interest in educational issues. Margaret Hamilton Biography, Facts & Life Story. Margaret Hamilton Biography Margaret Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio on December 9, 1902, the youngest of four children and obtained her teaching certificate in 1923 from the Wheelock . [2] Before she turned to acting exclusively, her parents insisted she attend Wheelock College in Boston, which she did, later becoming a kindergarten teacher. Biography. She was a distant cousin of Neil Hamilton, with whom she appeared in By Your Leave (1934). [20] Hamilton's team was responsible for developing in-flight software,[21] which included algorithms designed by various senior scientists for the Apollo command module, Apollo lunar module, and the subsequent Skylab. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. Moore Boeck. Pres. [7][9] She cites Florence Long, the head of the math department at Earlham, as helping with her desire to pursue abstract mathematics and become a mathematics professor. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. They married in the late 1950s, after she graduated in mathematics. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. And it was at the age of 22 that she graduated from Earlham . [Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom]. Hamilton had to recuperate in a hospital and at home for six weeks after the accident before returning to the set to complete her work on the film and refused to have anything further to do with fire for the rest of the filming. What I do?!!! On December 23, 1938, Hamilton suffered a second-degree burn on her face and a third-degree burn on her hand during a second take of her fiery exit from Munchkinland in which the trap door's drop was delayed to eliminate the brief glimpse of it seen in the final edit. In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. Hamilton, now an independent computer scientist, described for MIT News in 2009 her contributions to the Apollo software which last month was added in its entirety to the code-sharing site GitHub: From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. The picture made a terrible impression of some kind on them, sometimes a ghastly impression, but most of them got over it, I guess because when I talk like the Witch, and when I laugh, there is a hesitation and then they clap. Margaret Heafield Hamilton is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. [36], Hamilton's priority alarm displays interrupted the astronauts' normal displays to warn them that there was an emergency "giving the astronauts a go/no go decision (to land or not to land)". [50], Hamilton was the CEO of HOS through 1984[20] and left the company in 1985. Margaret Hamilton's net worth more information Accept. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Snyder, Lawrence and Henry, Ray Laura, "Fluency7 with Information Technology", Pearson, M. Hamilton, S. Zeldin (1976) "Higher order softwareA methodology for defining software". In The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976), she portrayed Lynde's housekeeper, reprising the Wicked Witch role, as well as introducing Lynde to the rock group Kiss. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. Her latest book, "Why Am I Taller? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. She also gained recognition for her work as an advocate of causes designed to benefit children and animals and retained a lifelong commitment to public education. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [27] A few months after filming Oz, she appeared in Babes in Arms (1939) as Jeff Steele's aunt, Martha, a society do-gooder who made it her goal to send the gang of child actors, led by Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, to a work farm. As a girl, Hamilton loved math and science. When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. If the latter case, this would be Hamilton's third but uncredited role. Later in life, she would comment on the role of the witch in a light-hearted fashion. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio to Jennie and Walter Hamilton. By some accounts, the astronauts had inadvertently left the rendezvous radar switch on, causing these alarms to be triggered (the claim that the radar was left on inadvertently by the astronauts is disputed by Robert Wills with the National Museum of Computing[29]). In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. Hamilton was initially hired as a programmer for this process but moved on into systems design. The man had reached the Moon. Her "priority display" innovation had created a knock-on risk that astronaut and computer would slip out of synch just when it mattered most. And I asked him what part, and he said, 'The Witch,' and I said, 'The Witch?!' Margaret Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio and practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. According to MIT, this was the first air defense system for the country and helped to push forward digital computing in the 1950s and 1960s. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Searching to find out more about Margaret Hamilton? She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in the 1950s and later earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy from Earlham College in 1958. [20][41] They created a product called USE.IT, based on the HOS methodology they developed at MIT. She was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. Margaret had already built her resume with several performances in film before she came to her most memorable and astronomically successful role, Almira Gulch / The Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939). August 17, 2016. [3], Hamilton made her screen debut in the MGM film Another Language (1933) starring Helen Hayes and Robert Montgomery. [10] She says her poet father and headmaster grandfather inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies. They had one son, Hamilton Wadsworth Meserve, whom she raised on her own. In 1960, producer/director William Castle cast Hamilton as a housekeeper in his 13 Ghosts horror film, in which 12-year-old lead Charles Herbert's character taunts her about being a witch, including the final scene, in which she is holding a broom in her hand. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. They have a daughter named Lauren. Hamilton also appears as an unidentified flying witch during the tornado scene, which may have been the Wicked Witch of the West or her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East. For other people named Margaret Hamilton, see. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . And sometimes when I go to schools, if we're in an auditorium, I'll do it. She led a team that was tasked with developing the software for the guidance and control systems of the in-flight command and lunar modules of the Apollo missions. They're really scared for a second. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and (soon) a Bachelor of History from Athabasca University. When she reprised her role as the Wicked Witch in a 1976 episode of Sesame Street, "the show's producers were flooded with letters from parents saying it was too frightening for children. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. From 1961 to 1963, Hamilton worked on the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Project at the MIT Lincoln Lab,[14] where she was one of the programmers who wrote software for the prototype AN/FSQ-7 computer (the XD-1), used by the U.S. Air Force to search for possibly unfriendly aircraft. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. After she recuperated, she said, "I won't sue, because I know how this business works, and I would never work again. Required fields are marked *. Elizabeth first got interested in space after watching the movie Apollo 13 in 1996, and still wants to be an astronaut someday. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. She coined the term software engineer because she felt that the work she and her team were doing was just as important and just as much engineering as the other work on the Apollo spacecraft. "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. [4] They divorced in 1967 and Margaret married Dan Lickly two years later.[80][82]. Armstrong had no time for lengthy explanations. [2], Margaret Elaine Heafield was born August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana,[3] to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (ne Partington). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It was intended to guide the spacecraft once they had achieved Earth orbit. She did a stint as a What's My Line? She later founded two software companiesHigher Order Software in 1976 and Hamilton Technologies in 1986, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She is a member of famous Actress with the age 83 years old group. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 1967) {Ex-Husband}, Your email address will not be published. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. She became very concerned about the role's effect on children, and finally did a guest spot on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968) to explain that the Witch was just a character in the film, and not herself. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2018-2023, All Rights Reserved Super Stars Bio. Even adolescents. [16] She moved on to another project in the summer of 1961, and hired and trained Ellen Fetter as her replacement.[12]. It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, 'I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks'; i.e., the ones needed for landing Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. While a decision was made in the moment to let the astronauts land, Hamilton pointed out that a fault analysis was done to see where the error was made. Hamilton also toured in many plays and musicals, even repeating her role of the Wicked Witch in specially written stage productions of The Wizard of Oz. )[citation needed]. For Hamilton, although Apollo 11 was monumental, she relished the challenge of doing her job for it. In Wired magazine, she said in 2015 "I enjoyed school, but there was something about maths that I loved more than anything". Her crisp voice with rapid but clear enunciation was another trademark. Not because of his acceptance of the new 'term' per se, but because we had earned his and the acceptance of the others in the room as being in an engineering field in its own right. Without exaggeration, it could be said that the heroes of the arrival to the Moon were four: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins and Margaret Hamilton. Her Gramercy Park neighbor Sybil Daneman reported that Hamilton loved children but they were often afraid to meet her because of her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. My Little Chickadee. Hamilton was the recipient of various honours, including NASAs Exceptional Space Act Award (2003). In 2009, she received the Outstanding Alumni Award by. [47] In 1980, British-Israeli computer scientist David Harel published a proposal for a structured programming language derived from HOS from the viewpoint of and/or subgoals. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Hamilton costarred opposite Buster Keaton and Richard Cromwell in a 1940s spoof of the long-running local melodrama The Drunkard, titled The Villain Still Pursued Her. During one interview, she joked: I was in need of money at the time, I had done about six pictures for MGM at the time, and my agent called. "Everything was going according to plan until something totally unexpected happened, just as the astronauts were in the process of landing on the moon," she recalled. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, She is from USA. For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal. Storey was born in San Francisco, California, into an educated household. [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In reality, she cared deeply about children, frequently giving to charitable organizations. Phil Davis The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. Hamilton played two credited roles in the famous film: Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West. The computer (or rather the software in it) was smart enough to recognize that it was being asked to perform more tasks than it should be performing. [81][80] She briefly taught high school mathematics and French at a public school in Boston, Indiana. Margaret Hamilton. The crowning mission, Apollo 11 in July 1969, saw Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descend all the way to the surface in the lunar module, safely return to the command module (piloted by Mike Collins) and make it home to Earth. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
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