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Small states only get 3 electoral votes, when really, their population, for example in Wyoming, is 584, 153. Another direct consequence of the winner-take-all system is that candidates focus more on populated swing states than on other states. Explore this article 1 It's Fair In a direct election, everyones vote counts for the same amount. This is true simply because it What did they learn about the American system of electing the president from these elections? Equality: With National Popular Vote, all votes are worth exactly the same and everybodys voice matters. Great leaders must be chosen by the people so the leader can represent for the people. unstable political system characterized by a multitude of political parties and by more Sayre, Wallace Stanley, Voting for President. The conclusion taken away from this very definition is that the people of the United States are not really the ones responsible for electing the president. populations, proponents respond that the United State Senate - with two seats per State populous jurisdiction of Alaska, Delaware, the District of Columbia, North Dakota, South Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1983. Currently, Republicans control 26 state delegations, while Democrats control 22. It is not fair for the other candidate because he or she also got some votes from that state. Lastly, an election-related case could find its way to the Supreme Court, which would lend greater importance to the judicial makeup of the court, Professor Wehle said. I worry and wonder what, as we see a growth in right wing military activity and citizen vigilantes, the perception of taking away power, [would do]. Mr. Biden was leading in the popular vote, with more than 81 million votes. One way or another, then, the winning candidate must demonstrate both a its failure to accurately reflect the national Gallup reports 61 percent of Americans support abolishing the Electoral College in favor of the popular vote. party system. In fact, it has so many cons to it that the popular vote alone should elect the president. One example being the elections of 2000 and 2004 where George W. Bush lost the popular vote in his first election by five hundred thousand vote but won the popular vote in his second election by three million votes. The decision on vice president goes to the newly elected Senate, with each senator casting a vote. (Until the ratification of the 12th Amendment in 1804, the candidate with the second-highest number of electoral votes became vice president.). Americans are still bent up and flustered on how an individual could lose the popular vote, but still, be given the upper hand in Electoral College votes. in the Electoral college. Some scholars have said they do not wholeheartedly agree with the decision, arguing that it endangers an electors freedom to make decisions they want and that electors are usually picked for their loyalty to a candidate or party. The same thing happened in 2016, when Donald Trump won the electoral college vote over Hillary Clinton despite losing the popular vote to Clinton by nearly 3 million votes. Rank choice voting? depressing voter turnout, and. enough electoral votes to be elected president; in the event that the popular vote is and 1916, Truman in 1948, Kennedy in 1960, and Nixon in 1968. We are having trouble saving your comment. majority" and guarantee the representation of minority parties, but it would also Electoral votes) as the 9,614,000 persons of voting age in the State of Florida. more important than political minority viewpoints. government. As for the first issue, that the Electoral College over-represents rural Some people believe that their vote has all the power in the world when it comes to the presidential election, because they have no knowledge or understanding of how the Electoral College works. Explain that Donald Trump won 304 electoral votes to Hillary Clintons 227. College's role in reinforcing a two party system, proponents, as we shall see, find this Just login. Without the Electoral College, Bush would not have the momentum to keep running for president and run the country the way both the state and people want it to be, What Are The Pros And Cons Of The Electoral College, The Electoral College is a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president. There are a total of 538 electoral votes in the whole United States of America: 100 for the senators, 435 for the states combined, and 3 for Washington D.C. Their reasoning is that in a formal 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. [25], On Monday Dec. 19, 2016, the electors in each state met to vote for President and Vice President of the United States. represent each State's choice for the presidency (with the number of each State's helps to maintain a two party system in the United States. these grounds, why should such an argument be used to abolish the lesser case of the Washington: National Clearinghouse on Election Administration, Federal Election Commission. The Electoral College process has garnered plenty of criticism as well as praise, especially as politics in recent years have become increasingly polarized. This is so because the voters of even small minorities in a State may make incentives and disincentives are likely to operate, if at all, with an even greater force. independent candidate were to win the support of even as many as 25% of the voters As for the second issue of the Electoral Theres a real partisan reality here, it would be taking away power from red states at this point.. 3. I do not think this system is fair, I think it contradicts the fact that as Americans we are given the freedom to vote, but it seems as though the peoples vote actually doesnt decide much. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1971. The Electoral College has also awarded the presidency to candidates with a plurality of the popular vote (under 50 percent) in a number of cases, notably Abraham Lincoln in 1860, John F. Kennedy in 1960 and Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996. Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. While granting greater impact to smaller states incentivizes voting and promotes participation, and imbalance of power is still an unfair advantage. Although the Electoral College may have been a necessary element of the government when it was originally created, the system has since become impractical for todays society. in American History and the Direct-Vote Alternative. Selected students then present to the class as a whole. In addition to protecting the presidency from impassioned but transitory third party In a stark example, sparsely populated Wyoming has three votes and a population of about 580,000, giving its individual voters far more clout in the election than their millions of counterparts in densely populated states like Florida, California and New York. You may assign these groups according to your Learning Management System (LMS) if conducting distance or remote learning. whether his popularity is concentrated in a few States or whether it is more evenly Listen to a Constitution Center podcast exploring the pros and cons of the Electoral College. ", ProCon.org. Should the United States keep the Electoral College as it is defined in the Constitution? this century and as recently as 1988 when a Democrat Elector in the State of West Virginia Because of the Electoral College, presidential candidates only need to pay attention to a limited number of states that can swing one way or the other. necessary majority. In Maine and Nebraska they follow an alternative, and more proportionaldistrict method. Defining a new system of government after a revolution is no easy task, even for the revered founding fathers of the United States. While this argument has a certain surface This issue was mentioned above and is discussed at greater length The American government should make no changes and keep it as it is. ProCon/Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. choices available to the electorate. 2. What surprised them? If your thoughts have not changed, list two to three ways your better understanding of the other side of the issue now helps you better argue your position. And since ethnic minority groups in the United States happen to electoral votes being the number of its Senators plus the number of its Representatives). accordance with the 12th Amendment. Should the Electoral College be abolished? sufficient popular support to govern as well as a sufficient distribution of that support The important number is 270. Swing states are those where the result of the election is uncertain, therefore spending efforts and money to win these states can have a great impact on the outcome of the election. of popular votes (as evidenced by obtaining the absolute majority of electoral votes); in The popular vote is the majority of voters, vote for one of the Presidential Candidates. regardless of its voter turnout, there is no incentive in the States to encourage voter therefore actually damage minority interests since their votes would be overwhelmed by a In the Electoral College system, voters cast theirballots toelect designated intermediaries, known as electors, who have usually pledged to vote for a particular "ticket", i.e. president. Learn more and come to your own conclusion with this PBS NewsHour lesson. not fully understand the effect of different Learn more with this video: After the 2000 election, a majority of Americans favored abolishing the system, and by 2020, that. Either way, though, the person taking demolish our federal system of government. The Electoral College elects the President and Vice President of the United States every four years. WebWhat are the advantages of National Popular Vote? [2] [14], In 227 years, the winner of the popular vote has lost the electoral vote only five times. People are rational actors; they are making a calculation if their vote is one of all the citizens in the United States, they may think that the possibility that their vote is going to matter is less. The reasoning behind the Electoral College written in the Constitution is simply expressed that political leaders have more knowledge in the fate of the country rather than citizens. If that happens in the Electoral College, then the decision goes to the newly seated House of Representatives, with each state voting as a unit. The Electoral College is the system in place that has historically determined the winner of the presidential election. It has its pros and cons though, many of which critics debate over. The same principle applies WebElectoral College pros and cons A candidate could be elected without the popular vote. However, that support diverges widely based on political parties, with support from 89 percent of Democrats and only 23 percent of Republicans. While Gore won the popular vote by about half a million in 2000, Hillary Clinton won it by nearly three million in 2016. WebPoverty and child neglect are complex, highly correlated problems that can impact families simultaneously. Electors are chosen by the states to actually cast the official votes for president. In Nebraska and Maine, the candidate that wins the states overall popular vote receives two electors, and one elector from each congressional district is apportioned to the popular vote winner in that district. which might well deepen the political divisions while trying to resolve them. also point to the risk of so-called "faithless" Electors. If the election depended solely on the popular vote, then candidates could limit campaigning to heavily-populated areas or specific regions. concentrated in a few States while the other candidate maintained a slim popular lead in As a result often presidentialcandidates usually spend less time and money campaigning in California (whichusually votes for the Democratic candidate) or Texas (usually votes for the Republican candidate). On Dec. 14, as electors gathered across the country to cast their ballots, Joseph R. Biden Jr. had earned 306 electoral votes, 36 more than needed to win. These electors are responsible to make a final decision on who will be president, their vote is the deciding final vote. representation. The system had some unusual results from the start, as evident in the election of 1800, a tie in which Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received an equal number of electoral votes. WebThe Debate Today. maintains a federal system of government and WebIn five elections in US history1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016candidates who won the popular vote did not win the presidency because they failed to gain a majority of electoral votes. president but nevertheless votes of another candidate. Opponents say kids arent mature enough to vote. Representatives, In some ways, it defies the rule of one person, one voteWith increasing frequency, I imagine, well see instances where the winner of the Electoral College and the national popular vote do not align, said Jacobson. regardless of its population - over-represents rural populations far more dramatically. Advantages and Disadvantages of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. Proponents further argue that the Electoral It gives outside influence to states with large rural populations and undercounts states that are more densely populated, said Jacobson. College contributes to the political stability of the nation by encouraging a two While the NPVIC would take away the disproportionate focus on small swing states, it would likely see candidates now instead leaving out states with smaller populations. electoral votes. Neither one of the candidates are elected from the popular vote. presidential candidates split the electoral votes among them such that no one obtained the Gives too few states too much electoral power. ProCon.org is the institutional or organization author for all ProCon.org pages. If there is a tie vote in a states delegation, the states vote would not count. Should the Voting Age Be Lowered to 16? Proponents say teens are knowledgeable enough to vote. In total, there are 538 electoral votes, divided among the states according to population size. After students have completed their handouts, have them debate the pros and cons of the Electoral College. The result of a direct popular election for president, then, would likely be frayed and federal structure, important political powers are reserved to the component States. Should People Who Have Completed Felony Sentences Be Allowed to Vote? Please try again. Senators, U.S. about those outcomes is that few people noticed and even fewer cared. Congress broke the tie, and Jefferson became president and Burr became vice president. In a direct popular election, a candidate could theoretically win without having broad support throughout the country. WebI believe in the power of democracy and the ability to vote. First, have students meet in small groups to discuss and debate. that One [pro of the Electoral College] is that it makes sure that states that otherwise might feel left out of the process are included despite their small size. Electoral votes incentivize voting in less populated states by increasing and emphasizing the impact of each state. The same thing happened in 2000. When Americans cast their ballots, they are actually voting for a slate of electors appointed by their states political parties who are pledged to support that partys candidate. parties which tend to the center of public opinion rather than dozens of smaller political Should People Who Have Completed Felony Sentences Be Allowed to Vote? extremely close, then the election defaults to that candidate with the best distribution However, increased voting power is also among the list of cons of the Electoral College. Excerpt from an original publication: Kimberling, William C. (1992). This occurred, as noted above, in 1824 and was unsuccessfully In this lesson, students will learn about the Electoral College how it works in a presidential election and why it was created and consider whether it needs to be reformed. Representatives. The candidates in the ticket whichreceivesthe absolute majority ofelectors votes (currently 270) is elected to the office of President and Vice-president of the United States. The Senate was designed to represent Floridian's potential vote, then, carried about one third the weight of a potential vote Keep up the good work. When the time came to agree on a system for choosing the president, it was all too easy for the delegates to resort to the three-fifths compromise [counting only 3/5 of the enslaved population instead of the population as a whole] as the foundation. The Constitution should not be amended to abolish the Electoral College. have a majority of over half the State delegations in order to elect their candidate - and parties catering to divergent and sometimes extremist views. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Why or why not? How could this happen? electoral votes required to elect a president. This piece was originally published in Inkwells2020 Election Print Issue. Under the electoral college system of voting, the number of representatives a state has in Congress 2. obliged to compromise their more radical views if they hope to attain any of their more But just 538 people decide who will be president; thats about 0.000156% of the population deciding the president. In other words, such a system I AM AN ELECTED JUDGE. Electors, the possible role of the Electoral College in Governor Sisolak stated, the compact could diminish the role of smaller states like Nevada in national electoral contests and force Nevadas electors to side with whoever wins the nationwide popular vote, rather than the candidate Nevadans choose. [31], Hans von Spakovsky, Senior Legal Fellow at the Heritage Foundation and a former commissioner for the FEC, explained, The Framers fears of a tyranny of the majority is still very relevant today. The pros and cons of the felon voting debate include arguments about the social contract, voting while in prison, and paying debts. taken as a whole. Pros: No winner-take all. Moving to a popular voteI dont think it will help. The Electoral College also inspires many what-if scenarios, some of them more likely than others. Kiersten Schmidt and Wilson Andrews, "A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton, nytimes.com, Dec. 19, 2016, Rachael Revesz, "Five Presidential Nominees Who Won Popular Vote but Lost the Election," independent.co.uk, Nov. 16, 2016, National Archives and Records Administration, "The 2016 Presidential Election," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "About the Electors," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "Presidential Election Laws," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "What Is the Electoral College?," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), Alexander Hamilton, "The Federalist Papers: No. Electoral votes are awarded to the candidate who wins the statewide election, or the popular vote for a single state. A presidential candidate needs at least 26 votes to win. Lara Maupin has a Masters Degree in Secondary Social Studies Education from George Washington University and a Bachelors Degree in Anthropology and Philosophy from Mount Holyoke College. Many people across the nation believe this election system is flawed and unfair. they often cite the South here) so as to enable a minority of citizens to decide the James Madison stated, There was one difficulty however of a serious nature attending an immediate choice by the people. Most are, and it helps to think of voting on a state-by-state basis, Professor Amar said. To abolish the Electoral College in favor of a nationwide popular election for president United States, for example, the House of Representatives was designed to represent the Electoral College system contributes to the cohesiveness of the country be requiring a [3] [4] [5] [6], At least 700 amendments have been proposed to modify or abolish the Electoral College. Yet it is "faithless Elector" is one who is pledged to vote for his party's candidate for Washington: Brookings Institution, There are pros and cons to both systems. popular will. For example, if a candidate was very popular in New York City, Los Angeles and other large cities, she might not need to earn votes from other areas of the country. fails to accurately reflect the national popular will stems primarily from the Proponents also point out that, far from diminishing minority interests by depressing The Electoral College is the voting system the United States has adopted to choose the president, the individual who runs the country. Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr. SUPPORTED BY VIEWERS LIKE YOU. Some states list electors names on the general election ballot. The delegates understood that the need for a leader was necessary but still bitterly remembered how Britain abused of its power. It is uncertain what the effect on the motivation of the voters will be. WebWhat are some pros and cons of the electoral college? You might be seeing people throw up their hands and say, what does one vote in the whole country matter?, Robinson also described a potential outcome of increased polarization. Pros and Cons of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. distribution of popular support to be elected president, without such a mechanism, When you talk about the Electoral College shaping the election, it shapes the election all the time because it puts the focus on certain states and not others, said Alexander Keyssar, a professor of history and social policy at Harvard University. Human Services Updated February 21, 2023 The Electoral College can also reduce the impact of the votes within safety states. WebWhat Are The Pros And Cons Of The Electoral College. solely those of the author and are not necessarily shared by the Federal rural ones. [10], Using electors instead of the popular vote was intended to safeguard the presidential election against uninformed or uneducated voters by putting the final decision in the hands of electors who were most likely to possess the information necessary to make the best decision in a time when news was not widely disseminated. Even though, in theory, a pledged elector could change his vote, there have only been very few cases in history when this has happened- Therefore, voters, when casting their ballots, know with almost complete certainty which ticket their vote is will indirectly support. With each census, these electoral votes are redistributed based on new data regarding state population. debate contributes to the political stability of the nation. This will allow us to keep netivist alive and available to participation. Cons It's not always reliable: The votes of elected officials in a representative democracy may not always reflect the will of the people.
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